经济学人精读丨游戏大V是怎样练成的
这篇文章选自2018年11月17日的《经济学人》China版块,讲了一个小城市的不羁少年逆袭成为网游直播行业的流量大V的故事,并以此折射出整个中国网游直播行业的情况。
我们先听音频,看原文:
①BEFORE HU JINZHOU began his climb into the foothills of fame, as a professional player of computer games in China's multi-billion-dollar livestream industry, he was a schoolboy tearaway. ②He got into playground fights, tried to sell his textbooks to classmates and sneaked out after dark for some online gaming.
③Back then, Mr Hu's reluctance to conform was a drama played out on a small stage. ④“Our hair went white trying to straighten him out,” sighs his stepfather, Cai Hongbo, recalling nights spent hunting for the boy in the internet cafés of Dangyang, a factory town in Hubei, a central province. ⑤Quick-witted and popular, if not with teachers, Mr Hu shrugged off efforts to control him. ⑥“We'd get him to kneel...” recalls his mother, Zhao Aiying. ⑦“...To write letters of apology,” chips in her husband at their foot-massage parlour on a busy market street, where traders sell roasted nuts, vegetables of the brightest green and fish from the nearby Yangzi river. ⑧Their son embarked on a life of menial, migrant jobs.
⑨Today he is 20 and his roguish charm is a marketable commodity, offering substantial rewards but also risks on a national stage...
精读
本次推送节选了三段内容(其中第三段删去了一些敏感句子),详细介绍了不良少年逆袭为游戏大V的故事。我们先看第一段。
第一段
本段以快镜头的方式简单回顾了主人公成名之前消极的生活状态,核心词:tearaway. 我们先看一下第一句话:
①BEFORE HU JINZHOU began his climb into the foothills of fame, as a professional player of computer games in China's multi-billion-dollar livestream industry, he was a schoolboy tearaway.
中国直播行业的市值高达数十亿美元,胡锦州就是其中的一名专业级电脑游戏玩家。在他开始成名前,他还是一个校园混混。
①句勾画了主人公逆袭的成长轨迹。
我们首先看一下这句话的结构:Before Hu Jinzhou began his climb into the foothills of fame, as X, he was a schoolboy tearaway.
在胡锦州...之前,他还是一个校园混混。
文中began his climb into the foothills of fame用了比喻的手法,climb在这里是名词,表示“攀爬”;foothill是名词,常用复数,它表示a low mountain or low hill at the bottom of a larger mountain or range of mountains“山麓小丘”,fame是我们比较熟悉的一个词,意思是“名声”,它的形容词形式是famous.
所以,began his climb into the foothills of fame就可以理解成:开始了他在名誉之丘的攀登,也就是“开始逐渐成名”的意思。
a schoolboy tearaway指的是“校园混混、校园恶霸”,tearaway的意思是a young person who behaves badly and often gets into trouble“小流氓、小混混、不良青年”,这个词稍作了解。
as X 在这里是“以...的身份”的意思,文中as a professional player of computer games的意思是,以专业级电脑游戏玩家的身份。Professional指“专业的”,与之对应的词是amateur ['æmətə] 业余的。
紧接着,professional player of computer games后面又加了一个修饰成分:in China's multi-billion-dollar livestream industry.
在中国数十亿美元的直播行业。
"multi-"常作为前缀出现,表示“多”的含义,比如国际政治领域经常会听到multilateral negotiation 多边谈判;评价一个人有钱,我们可以说a multimillionaire百万富翁;描述一个创业者成功,可以说a multimillion-dollar business 数百万美元的企业,等等。
livestream就是指现在很火的“直播”,“直播网红”的英文是 livestream broadcaster 或 influencer,很多网红以直播的形式卖衣服,我们可以说 livestream clothes-selling.
所以,文中China's multi-billion-dollar livestream industry的意思是:中国数十亿美元的直播行业。
我们再看一下这个句子,并把信息整合一下:
BEFORE HU JINZHOU began his climb into the foothills of fame, as a professional player of computer games in China's multi-billion-dollar livestream industry, he was a schoolboy tearaway.
在胡锦州成为中国数十亿美元直播行业的专业电脑游戏玩家、逐渐成名之前,他还是一个校园混混。
然后按照汉语的表达习惯重新组织一下:
中国直播行业的市值高达数十亿美元,胡锦州就是其中的一名专业级电脑游戏玩家。在他开始成名前,他还是一个校园混混。
***
②He got into playground fights, tried to sell his textbooks to classmates and sneaked out after dark for some online gaming.
在操场上打架斗殴,把课本卖给同学,天黑后偷偷溜出去打网络游戏。
②句从三个方面来体现tearaway:
1. 在操场上打架斗殴(got into playground fights);
2. 把课本卖给同学(sell his textbooks to classmates);
3. 天黑后偷偷溜出去打网游(sneaked out after dark for some online gaming)。
这三点通过and连接,结构为“句子A, 句子B and 句子C”。
简单讲一下第三点:sneak的意思是to go somewhere secretly, trying to avoid being seen偷偷地走,溜,其名词形式sneaker,指“运动鞋”;after dark表示“天黑之后”,dark在这里是名词;for some online gaming中,for表示目的:为了(打)网游。
第二段
第二段把镜头放慢,开始聚焦主人公的生活细节,从细微之处体现其“叛逆”,核心词:reluctance to conform.
我们先看第一句话:
③Back then, Mr Hu's reluctance to conform was a drama played out on a small stage.
那时,他的叛逆只是小舞台上的一场闹剧。
①句概括了主人公的“叛逆”。
这句话的主干是:Back then, Mr Hu's reluctance to conform was a drama
句首的back then点明了时间点:故事发生在过去。与第三段的Today对应。
reluctance是unwillingness的意思,“不情愿”;conform表示to behave and think in the same way as most other people in a group or society“顺从,顺应”,比如,conform to the local customs 顺应当地的风俗习惯。因此,文中reluctance to conform可以理解成“逆反,叛逆”,和第一段的tearaway一表一里,相互照应。
主干部分的意思是:那时候,他的逆反还是一出戏剧。
紧接着,drama后面跟了个过去分词形式的后置定语:played out on a small stage.
play out是一个很地道的表达,其英文解释是:If a dramatic event is played out, it gradually takes place.“逐渐发生”。举个例子:
The film has eerie parallels with the drama being played out in real life.
这部电影和现实生活中发生的一系列戏剧性事件有着诡异的巧合之处。
所以,a drama played out on a small stage的意思是:在小舞台上的一场闹剧。
***
接下来,作者用三个镜头来体现主人公的reluctance to conform,我们先来看第一个镜头:
④“Our hair went white trying to straighten him out,” sighs his stepfather, Cai Hongbo, recalling nights / spent hunting for the boy in the internet cafés of Dangyang, a factory town in Hubei, a central province.
为了教他守规矩,我们都白了头,”他的继父蔡洪波回忆起那些在当阳网吧里找孩子的夜晚,叹息道。当阳是中国中部省份湖北省的一个工业城镇。
④句以独白的方式,从第一个方面体现主人公的reluctance to conform:继父深夜去网吧找孩子,白了头。体会一下white和nights这两个极具画面感的词语。
我们先看引号里面的内容:
Our hair went white trying to straighten him out
这句话唯一的难点是straighten sb out,它是个固定搭配,表示to improve your bad behaviour or deal with personal problems, or to help someone do this.“(使)改好,变好”,所以,文中straighten him out可以理解为“教他守规矩”。
我们再来看这句话的speaker:
"..," sighs his stepfather, Cai Hongbo
他的继父蔡洪波叹息道。
stepfather一词折射出了主人公的家庭环境。
注意,“某人说/表示/叹息/赞叹/回忆/...”的英文是:says / suggests / signs / acclaims / recalls sb,以及下文的chip in sb(插话道),都不用被动。
recalling nights...是现在分词作伴随状语,recall是“回忆”的意思,后面直接加名词。所以,sighs his stepfather, Cai Hongbo, recalling nights...的意思是:他的父亲回忆起...的那些夜晚,叹息道。
spent hunting for the boy in the internet cafés of Dangyang是过去分词(spent)作后置定语,修饰nights,写成定语从句的形式是:
the nights that were spent hunting for the boy in the internet cafés of Dangyang.
the internet cafés指“网吧”,注意用介词in.
这部分的意思是:继父在当阳网吧里找孩子的那些晚上。
a factory town in Hubei, a central province是Dangyang的同位语,a central province指“中国中部省份”,而不是“某省中部地区”。再比如,a southern city of Shenzhen,指“(中国)南部城市深圳”,the eastern city指“东部城市”,而非“城市东部”。
所以,这部分的意思是:当阳是中部省份湖北省的一个工业城镇。
最后我们再回顾一下这句话,检查是否已经理解:
④“Our hair went white trying to straighten him out,” sighs his stepfather, Cai Hongbo, recalling nights spent hunting for the boy in the internet cafés of Dangyang, a factory town in Hubei, a central province.
***
⑤Quick-witted and popular, if not with teachers, Mr Hu shrugged off efforts to control him.
胡锦州聪明机智,很受同学欢迎,如果老师不在的话,谁也管不住他。
⑤句以叙述的形式,讲了主人公叛逆的第二个方面:管不住。
这句话的难点在于shrugged off efforts to control him
shrug我们都知道,是“耸肩”的意思,介词off有“脱离、离开”的方向,所以,shrug off就有了“摆脱、脱离”的意思。现在很多家长把孩子送到教育机构就撒手不管了,我们可以说:
Parents cannot shrug off their responsibility for their children.
父母不能推卸对孩子的责任。
文中shrug off efforts to control him的意思是:摆脱控制他的努力,也就是“管不住”的意思。
我们可以再扩展一下,可以用"shrug off one's efforts to do"表示“挫败,抵制”,比如:
China has tried and shrugged off America's efforts to check it.
中国努力挫败了美国试图遏制中国的行动。
句首的quick-witted和popular是形容词作状语,描述了主人公的两种品质,或许正是这品质,日后帮他取得了成功。
quick-witted表示“聪明的,机智的”,是clever, wise的高级替换。再补充一个类似表达:sharp-penned,意思是“文笔犀利的”。
***
⑥“We'd get him to kneel...” recalls his mother, Zhao Aiying. ⑦“...To write letters of apology,” chips in / her husband / at their foot-massage parlour / on a busy market street, where traders sell roasted nuts, vegetables of the brightest green and fish from the nearby Yangzi river.
“我们让他跪下……”他的母亲赵爱英回忆道。“……让他写检讨书,”在足疗店里的丈夫插了一句。这个足疗店是他们自己开的,坐落在一个繁忙的街道旁,街上有很多小商小贩在卖烤坚果、最鲜绿的蔬菜以及在附近的长江里钓的鱼。
⑥-⑦句切换到了第三个镜头:跪着写检讨书。
这部分通过两组对话体现了主人公的叛逆,并通过环境描写,使人物形象更加自然。我们来看几个语言点:
他母亲让他跪下,他父亲插嘴道:写检讨书。
chips in就是“插嘴”的意思,上面提到过。chip作名词本指“薯条、芯片”,作动词表示“劈”的动作,chip in给人一种“横劈一刀”的感觉,即“插嘴”。
接下来介绍了他们的生活环境:
at their foot-massage parlour / on a busy market street
他们在自己的足疗店里,这个足疗店坐落在一个繁忙的街道旁。
注意两个地方:foot-massage parlour和busy,体现了主人公一般甚至是有些恶劣的的成长环境,从侧面体现了叛逆的原因。
massage是“按摩”的意思,parlour指“店铺”,所以foot-massage parlour指的是“足疗店”。
然后作者又在streets后面加了一个定语从句,进一步对环境展开描写:
where traders sell roasted nuts, vegetables of the brightest green and fish from the nearby Yangzi river.
街上有很多小商小贩在卖烤坚果、最鲜绿的蔬菜以及在附近的长江里钓的鱼。
浓浓的市井气息,让人物的成长环境更加具体。
roast是“烤”的意思,比如北京烤鸭的英文就是"Beijing Roast Duck"。文中roasted是它的形容词,表示“烤熟的”,roasted nuts就是“烤坚果”的意思。
最后,我们再梳理一下这句话:
⑥“We'd get him to kneel...” recalls his mother, Zhao Aiying. ⑦“...To write letters of apology,” chips in her husband / at their foot-massage parlour on a busy market street, where traders sell roasted nuts, vegetables of the brightest green and fish from the nearby Yangzi river.
***
⑧Their son embarked on a life of menial, migrant jobs.
他们的儿子就这么开始了卑微的打零工的生活。
⑧句总结人物的人生状态:卑微(menial)+四处奔波(migrant).
这句话结构不难,有几处语言点需要了解一下:
第一处是embark on,这是一个高频表达,意思是“开始(从事)”,中国外宣材料中经常会出现“走...的道路”,其对应的英文就是embark on a path of...
文中embark on a life of...便是“开始了一种...样的人生”的意思。
第二处是menial, migrant jobs.
menial常用来形容工作,柯林斯词典中的解释是Menial work is very boring, and the people who do it have a low status and are usually badly paid.“卑微的、低贱的”。
migrant常作名词,表示“移民”,有时可以作形容词,表示“流动的”,比如rural migrant workers农名工。
文中menial, migrant jobs可以翻译成“卑微的、流动的工作”。
***
最后,我们梳理一下第二段:
首句(③)总领全段,点明主人公的逆反心理:reluctance to conform,照应第一段的tearaway;
接下来,作者通过三个镜头来体现主人公的逆反心理,分别是:
深夜继父到网吧找孩子,愁白了头;(④)
管不住;(⑤)
跪着写检讨书。(⑥-⑦)
最后一句总结人物的生活状态:卑微、四处奔波。
其中,叙述与对话,人物与环境相互交织,使场景更加真切,令读者感同身受。
第三段
⑨Today he is 20 and his roguish charm is a marketable commodity, offering substantial rewards but also risks on a national stage...
现在,他20了,他痞痞的气质成了他宝贵的财富。在国家级的舞台上,这给他带来了不菲的收入,但同时也带来了风险……
第三段只节选了一句话,讲了主人公成功逆袭后的状态。
其中,句首的Today与第二段的back then构成时间上的转折,也标志着故事情节的转折。
on a national stage指“在国家舞台上”,对应第二段的on a small stage。
这句话的难点在于his roguish charm is a marketable commodity
roguish源于rogue,指“流氓,无赖”,美国经常称朝鲜是一个rogue state流氓国家。Roguish是它的形容词,表示“流氓的,无赖的”,汉语中有一个词跟它很对应:痞。所以文中roguish charm就可以翻译成“痞帅,痞痞的气质”。
marketable=market+able,不难猜出来,表示“有市场的,能赚钱的”,补充一个类似词语:bankable,意思是“能赚钱的,吸金的”,可以用来形容影星、网红。
commodity在这里不是“商品”的意思,而是指a thing that is useful or has a useful quality有价值的事物,有用的东西,举个例子:
Water is a precious commodity.
再比如,形容某个东西“十分流行”就可以用这个词:a hot commodity.
文中a marketable commodity可以翻译成“给他带来了很多财富”。
今天就到这里,感谢阅读!